短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

I.要點(diǎn)

英語(yǔ)中有許多短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在意義上是一個(gè)整體，其用法有的相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，有的相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞，有的兼有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的特征。英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成主要有以下六種：

(1)動(dòng)詞+介詞

常見的有l(wèi)ookfor,lookafter,sendfor,careabout,askfor,laughat,hearof(from),addto,leadto等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后。如：

Don'tlaughatothers.

Ididn'tcareaboutit.

(2)動(dòng)詞+副詞

常見的有g(shù)iveup,pickup,thinkover,findout,handin,pointout等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊;賓語(yǔ)如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞前邊。如：You'llhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.

Pleasedon'tforgettohanditin.

(3)動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞

常見的有l(wèi)ookdownupon,goonwith,breakawayfrom,addupto,catchupwith等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后邊。如：

Allhismoneyaddeduptonomorethan$100.

Afterashortrest,hewentonwithhisresearchwork.

(4)動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞

常見的有takecareof,makeuseof,payattentionto,makefunof等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后邊。如：Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhandwriting.

Weshouldmakefulluseofourtime.

(5)動(dòng)詞+形容詞

常見的有l(wèi)eaveopen,setfree,cutopen等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是名詞，則賓語(yǔ)可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊;賓語(yǔ)如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如：

Theprisonersweresetfree.

Hecutitopen.

(6)動(dòng)詞+名詞

常見的有takeplace,makefriends等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如：

Thisstorytookplacethreeyearsago.

Imakefriendswithalotofpeople.

(7)辨析

giveaway(讓給，暴露)和giveup(放棄，停止)

putaway(放起，收起)和putout(撲滅)

turnup(出席，放大)和turnon(打開)

keepout(阻止)和keepoff(不讓靠近)

makeup(編造，補(bǔ)上)和makeout(辨認(rèn))

takeoff(脫，起飛)和takeout(拿出)

II.例題

例1Itiswisetohavesomemoney____foroldage.

AputawayBkeptupCgivenawayDlaidup

解析：該題正確答案為A。意為"存";keepup意為"繼續(xù)";giveaway意為"分發(fā)";layup"貯藏"。例2Here'smycard.Let'skeepin____.

AtouchBrelationCconnectionDfriendship

解析：該題正確答案為A.keepintouch為短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，意為"保持聯(lián)系"。外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)

例3____!There'satraining.

ALookoutBLookaroundCLookforwardDLookon

解析：該題選A.lookout意為"小心"。